The 15th Five-Year Plan (FYP) for 2026-2030 will place technological innovation at the very core of China's development strategy, with a central goal of achieving "high-level sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening" to foster new productive forces . This represents a significant evolution from the "self-reliance" emphasized in the 14th FYP, underscoring a ambition to not only be independent but also a global leader in the scientific and technological arena .
The table below summarizes the key pillars and their core components as outlined in the plan's recommendations.
Pillar Core Components
Strengthen Original Innovation & Core Tech Strengthen basic research with stable, long-term funding; make decisive breakthroughs in core technologies (e.g., integrated circuits, industrial machinery) via a new national system .
Fuse Sci-Tech Innovation with Industrial Innovation Build technology transfer systems (concept verification, pilot-test platforms); strengthen enterprise's dominant role; form innovation consortia .
Integrate Education, Sci-Tech & Talent Development Reform higher education to cultivate top talent; optimize vocational training; establish multi-tiered, high-quality innovation talent teams .
Advance Digital China Construction Accelerate the deep integration of digital technology, like artificial intelligence, with the real economy .
? From Strategy to Implementation: Key Focus Areas
The transition from policy to practice will manifest in several critical areas:
A New Paradigm for Basic Research: There will be a decisive shift towards long-term, stable support for basic research. This includes exploring mechanisms like allocating 10-20% of basic research funds for stable support and implementing differentiated management and evaluation for researchers dedicated to tackling major, long-term scientific questions, thereby encouraging them to venture into scientific "no-man's land" .
Supercharged Commercialization: A major focus will be on bridging the "valley of death" between laboratory research and mass-market products. This will be achieved by systematically building a robust intermediate infrastructure, including concept verification centers and pilot-testing (zhongshi) platforms, which are crucial for de-risking technologies for commercial adoption . Reforms in "valuation rights" at universities and research institutes are also being deepened to incentivize researchers to participate in the transformation of their results .
Enterprise-Led Innovation Ecosystems: The plan strongly emphasizes reinforcing the leading role of enterprises in innovation. This will be realized by encouraging industry leaders to establish innovation consortia, jointly tackling "chokehold" technologies with upstream and downstream partners. Initiatives like appointing "sci-tech vice presidents" from academia to enterprises are being deployed to seamlessly embed the innovation chain within the industrial chain .
?️ Regional and Sectoral Initiatives
The national strategy is being translated into concrete actions across different regions and industries:
Regional Initiatives:
Guangzhou aims to become an international sci-tech innovation hub, planning to set up a Future Industries Fund and create demonstration application scenarios for new technologies .
Shanghai, Beijing, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area are positioned as international sci-tech innovation centers, tasked with pioneering breakthroughs and radiating their influence .
Henan is actively promoting mechanisms like "unveiling the list of top projects" and appointing "sci-tech vice presidents" to enhance the integration of its local innovation chain with its industrial chain .
Gansu is leveraging the expertise of national-level think tanks like the China Academy of Science and Technology Development to scientifically compile its regional "15th FYP" for sci-tech innovation .
Sectoral Planning:
The coal industry has initiated the formulation of its sci-tech guidance for the "15th FYP," focusing on intelligent, green, and safe mining technologies, reflecting the push for high-end, smart, and green transformation of traditional industries .
The official establishment of the China Coal Science and Industry Group's Common Coal Technology Institute marks a concerted effort to strengthen the supply of common technologies that benefit the entire sector .
The 15th FYP period is a crucial one for China's journey toward becoming a science and technology powerhouse. If you are interested in a specific industry or region, I can provide more detailed information based on your focus.
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